Essay on Italians in America

Essay on Italians in America Example Essay on Italians in America: The Italians immigrated into the USA for various reasons, since the 18th century. As a matter of fact, since 1946, approximately 300,000 Italians settled in the United States of America During the early periods, as they began to move into the country, they were faced with massive discrimination. They were discriminated on the ground of their nationality. They were seen as intruders and foreigners in the country For instance, Irish Catholics were barred from exercising their religious rights. They were also barred from receiving quality education, becoming professions, holding public offices; involve themselves in trade or commercial. They were also derived off the rights of purchasing a land, voting and leasing land. Due to all these, the Italians living in America at that time had to look for some survival strategy. They used the ethnic strategy to become acceptable American. In this paper, we are going to discuss about these ethnic strategies, which were used by these people (Morri son,et.al., p. 20-39) To begin with, they took a step of trying to involve in active trade. They took over some type of trade and started controlling them. They turn out to be very vigorous in trade unions. As a matter of facts, they selected some leaders who played an important role in the American trade. These include people like Giovanniti and Tresca. Some of the trades they were very active in were as we are going to discuss below. They involved themselves in active innovation. For instance, the Jacuzzi family invented the hot tub Jacuzzi in 1907. This became very rampant in the American market. This Italian family also made propellers. These were for supplying to the American military during the war. They were also very active and developed some jet water pump. All these products from the Italian family played an important role in the American market(Cannistraro, et.al., p.60). Another place where the Italians played ventured into the market was in the coffee field. An Italian by the name Vince developed a filter for extraction of oil from the coffee beans. These filters entered the American market very rampantly. It is estimated that at least 10 million of them are still being sold annually. They also ventured into the hotel market. For instance, some became chefs. They left a legend in the hospitality market. For instance, chef Boyardee left a legend of being the best in America in making the best spaghetti dinners. He was also known as the best in making the best pizza mix, sauce and pasta. There was also a famous Italian immigrant, who started a restaurant in Cleveland. In 1930, he began a company for canned foods. Throughout the 2nd world war, his company was the biggest supplier of food to the U.S army. This was a step of the Italian immigrants, into the trade market of America. An Italian immigrant, pepsin began making wagons in 1917. Up to date, this company is still running and is estimated to produce at least 8,000 wagons in a day. The above are just but a few fields in which the immigrants ventured into, in the world of trade. Secondly, they started taking part in the political systems America. They were beginning with the city politics. The second generation of Italian immigrants became vigorous in politics. They produced some great public figures such as Laguardia, Vito and Caller. Some instances where the immigrants were involving themselves in the American politics include: during the American evaluation. American Italian played an important role in support American colonists. Secondly, the immigrants played an important role in the American civil wars. A massive number of Italians served as officers in the civil wars. It is estimated that they were more than 100 Italian Americans. More than 200,000 American Italians served the U.S military during the Second World War (Cannistraro, et.al., pp 92-102). Thirdly, they were able to manipulate the newfound privileges. This included the political and economic influences which created hospitable environment to new immigrants. After the Second World War, the Americans revised their immigration policies. The policies became lighter to the immigrants and more people could migrate into America. The Italian Americans had a privilege, since they had supported the American government during the war. The discrimination went down and with this, they were able to settle better in America, and invest with less fear (Cannistraro,et.al., p.80) The above strategies worked well for the Italians. However, they did not go undeterred. For instance, there was the major challenge that came with tribalism and racism. The Italians in America had the label â€Å"colored†, and so faced discrimination like any other immigrants in America. They were discriminated in many places in America, and so they found it difficult to apply their strategies. For instance, when they tried to enter the American market, initially, their products were undermined, and hence sold at a cheaper price. The popularity of their products only came to grow after a long duration of time and struggle(Morrison,et.al., p. 59). In conclusion, though the immigrant laws changed, this does not have a great impact on how the Italian Americans are treated. Up to date, many Native Americans still look down upon the nonnative Americans. In other words, we cannot actually argue that the Italian strategies worked out completely for them. There is still some need to reduce the amount of discrimination in America. Get online essay writing help from professional writers at AdvancedWriters.com premium custom essay writing service.

Study On The Growth Of Islamic Banking Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1636 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Business Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? After its first introduction on experimental basis in a small town of Egypt in 1963, many Islamic Banks, both with letter and spirit, were established in the Middle Eastern and Asian regions. The growth of Islamic banking has been increasing ever since, not only in terms of number of countries it is operating in but also in term of areas of finance it has ventured. In three decades, Islamic banks have grown in number as well as in size world wide and are being practiced on even more intensive scale. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Study On The Growth Of Islamic Banking Finance Essay" essay for you Create order Some countries like Sudan and Iran, have converted their entire banking system to Islamic banking. In other countries where conventional banking is still dominating the Islamic Banking is operating alongside. Today, Islamic banks are operating in more than sixty countries Islamic Banking and Finance is growing at between 10%-15% per annum and is boasting global assets in excess of $1Trillion. A recent survey indicated that there are more than 160 Islamic financial institutions existing world wide. Gradual and steady spread of the Islamic banks over time over the world is a lucid manifestation of success and the symbolic growth rate is the hallmark of this emerging market. Being fastest growing segment of the credit market in Muslim countries, market share of Islamic banks in Muslim countries has risen from 2% in the late 1970s to about 15 percent today (Yousaf 2000). Islamic banking is getting popularity, warm welcome, and appreciation also by non-Muslims in Muslim and non-Muslim countries. According to although, most of the Islamic banks are within Middle Eastern and/or Emerging countries, many universal banks in developed countries have started to spigot huge demand of Islamic financial products. This also confirms that Islamic banking is as viable and efficient as the conventional banking is. Where the financial liberalization and deregulation have created new challenges and new realities for Islamic banks, the globalization effect has also put these institutions in Cutthroat competition with traditional financial institutions in well developed financial markets. It has become indispensable for Islamic banks to be innovative in designing Islamically acceptable instruments to grapple with the unremitting innovations in financial markets and to compete in local and global deposit markets. Moreover, for fund mobilization and utilization, Islamic banks must seek investment opportunities and avenues that offer competitive rates of return at acceptable degrees of risk. In order to maximize the value of the bank, management of the bank should carefully consider interactions between different performance measures. Islamic Banking As defined, Islamic Banks aim to provide banking services that are in accordance with Islamic Principles and Shariah within the complete Islamic financial system, which in turn aims to bring the most benefit to society in terms of equity and prosperity, rather than focusing solely on creating maximum returns on capital. Islamic banks aim to achieve the socio-economic goals of the Islamic religion which are reaching full-employment, a high rate of economic growth, equitable distribution of wealth and income, socioeconomic justice, smooth mobilization of investments and savings while ensuring a fair return for all parties and finally emphasize the stability of money value. A crucial factor inhibiting Islamic banking growth is the lack of financial performance measures that are adapted to Islamic financial institutions and their special practices. This has led to the slow emergence of Islamic banks on the global markets, since they are unable to fairly and clearly represent their fina ncial position. For this reason it becomes important to investigate and identify one of the available performance measurement tools to find a powerful tool for measuring the performance of conventional banks, and then attempt to adapt and modify such a tool to be used for Islamic banks to overcome one of the critical challenges of Islamic banking. Measuring the performance of Islamic banks is necessary to be able to detect problems and settle concerns about the safety and soundness of investments for depositors, managers, and regulators alike. It is highly important for managers to determine the financial position of their institution compared to their competition or industry benchmarks, as well as evaluating how effective previously taken decisions affected the bank. Islamic bank performance measurements also help Shariah Supervisory Boards and other regulators to understand the performance of banks and to ensure only transparent and clear information is available and used. Finally it helps investors to identify chances and investment opportunity and ensure that the best decision regarding use of funding is being taken. Historical view of Islamic banking As with all things Islamic, the origination of Islamic finance goes back to the time of Prophet Muhammad (Peace be upon Him). The Quran and the example of Prophet Muhammad (Peace be upon Him) provide direct behavioral guide and represent bedrock of Islamic faith to over one billion Muslims globally. The Prophet Muhammad (Peace be upon Him) happened to be a businessman serving as a trader for Khadija (May Allah bepleased with Her). The Prophetic example was the very epitome of fair-trade. Refraining from usury, ensuring transparency in transactions, and total honesty entitled him Al- Amin (The trustworthy) in pre-Islamic Arabia (Sufyan7). Muslim societies banking movement is limited, such as receiving of deposit, move back to the era of the Prophet Muhammad (Peace be upon Him). At that time people deposited money with the Prophet Muhammad (Peace be upon Him) or with Abu Bakr Sedique (May Allah be pleased with Him), the first Khalif of Islam. In order to keep away from appearance of Islamic fundamentalism which was abhorrence to the political system, first new test with Islamic banking was commence in Egypt face without analytical an Islamic picture. Ahmad El Najjar made pioneering effort and established Banking in based on profit and saving in Egyptian town of in l963. There were nine such banks in the country by 1967. These banks, which are totally free of interest and dealing with trade and also investing the amount in different sector and gain profit share customer and depositors. Islamic banks were act really as investment and saving institution quite different as profitable banks. In the seventies, because of alteration the political environment that take place in many Muslim countries, there was no longer any strong need to establish Islamic financial institutions under cover. Both with letter and spirit, in the Middle East established a number of Islamic banks, e.g., the (1975) Dubai Islamic Bank, (l977) the Faisal Islamic Bank of Egypt ,(l977) the F aisal Islamic Bank of Sudan, and the(l979)Bahrain Islamic Bank to mention a few. A number of banks were also established in the Asia-Pacific region in response to these winds of change, e.g., established in l973 Philippine Amanah Bank (PAB) . Its interest-based operations continue to coexist with the Islamic method of money.PAB operates two windows for deposit transactions, i.e., conventional and Islamic. Malaysia Islamic banking introduce in l983, but not without experience. Muslim Pilgrims Savings Corporation (MPSC) was the first (non-bank) Islamic financial .In 1969, which is now popularly known as the Tabung Haji. The success of the Tabung Haji also provided the main thrust for establishing Bank Islam Malaysia Berhad (BIMB). Difference between Islamic Banks and conventional Banks Like conventional bank, Islamic bank is an intermediary and trustee of money of other people but the difference is that it shares profit and loss with its depositors. This difference that introduces the element of mutuality in Islamic banking makes its depositors as customers with some ownership of right in it. Islamic banking and conventional banking differs in that while the conventional banking follows conventional interest-based principle, the Islamic banking is based on interest free principle and principle of Profit-and-Loss (PLS) sharing in performing their businesses as intermediaries. Rationale behind prohibition of interest and the importance of PLS in Islamic banking has been discussed in many Islamic economics studies8. Moreover, Islamic PLS principle creates the relationship of financial trust and partnership between borrower, lender, and intermediary (Yudistira 2003). Islamic finance is a financial system with the aim to fulfill the teaching of Holy Quran as opposed t o reaping maximum return on financial assets. Conformity to norms of Islamic ethics is the main concern of Islamic financial system. These norms of Islamic ethics as enunciated by the Shariah govern all transactions in an Islamic financial system. At a fundamental level, an Islamic financial system can be described as a Fair and a Free system where Fairness is the primary objective; however, it also circumscribes the freedom of the participants in the system. Though, in Islam participants are free to enter into transactions but this basic norm of freedom doest not imply rampant freedom to contract and is constrained by other norms, such as, the prohibition of Riba and Gharar. Difference between the two banking systems also lies in terms of governance structure. Islamic banks must obey a different set of rules those of the Holy Quran and meet up the hope of Muslim society by given that Islamically-suitable funding method. Islamic banks are similar to those of non-Islamic banks in t hat both offer similar (financial) services and play a pivotal role in the economic development of their societies. But they are different in that Islamic banks, unlike non-Islamic banks, are bound to follow Islamic Shariah in their operations. For instance, according to Islamic Shariah exploitative contracts based on Riba (usury or interest) or unfair contracts that involve risk or speculation are unforeseeable. Islamic banks compared with non-Islamic banks seek a just and equitable distribution of resources. Islamic bank is based on Islamic Faith and its operations must be within the boundaries of Islamic Law or the Shariah. There are four rules that govern investment behavior (Suleiman 2001): the absence of interest-based (RIBA) transactions; the avoidance of economic activities involving speculation (GHARAR); the introduction of an Islamic tax, ZAKAT; the warning of the services and creation of merchandise which disagree with the value example of Islam (HARAM).

Centering The Margins Missionary Discipleship Essay

Centering the Margins: Missionary Discipleship in Praxis Where Are We, the Missionary Disciples, at the Margins? US THEM PARTICIPANT INSIDERS [Holders of authority and power] 1 PARTICIPANT OUTSIDERS [Jesus] 4 2 NON-PARTICIPANT INSIDERS [Nobodies] 3 NON-PARTICIPANT OUTSIDERS Knowing our position(s) from the margins truly affects of ways of doing ministry/mission. Gittins charts the complexity of cultural and social polarities in a cultural grid of four quadrants. The bold lines represent the boundaries which configuring population. In the time of Jesus for example, by virtue of social status, everyone belonged to one of these quadrants. If in religious world, the occupants were the insider-participants (clergy, hierarchy, religious leaders), â€Å"they would established an exclusionary zone whose borders would be patrolled by upholders of strict orthodoxy and executors of appropriate sanctions.† These small numbers of elite also declared the will of God and exercised their authority over the other three groups. It was difficult to move from the ranks of insider non-participants and outsiders to the insider participants. However, â€Å"not all insider participants are self-serving: the kenotic ministry of Jesus illustrates the possibility of mov ing from the centers of privilege to the margins or boundaries where missionary encounters take place.† This gives us an encouragement to rethink and shift our position(s) in serving the people of God more effectively. Gittins pointsShow MoreRelatedA Community Of Nobodies Of The Modern World864 Words   |  4 PagesIt is dangerous that â€Å"we lose our bearings as we struggle at and with margins and marginalized people,† and they are often forgotten in our lives (EG #54). They are addicts, victims of the –ism, the â€Å"throwaways of the modern world (refugees, migrants, and survivors of war),† handicapped, and challenged disabilities. They form â€Å"a community of nobodies† and Jesus is among them. As authentic disciples, we should question ourselves that where their places are in our ministry. What are locking our sightRead MoreCentering The Margins Of The Life Of Missionary Disciples862 Words   |  4 PagesCENTERING THE MARGINS IN THE LIF E OF MISSIONARY DISCIPLES TODAY Marginality always exists through human history and creates a social tension between the powerful and the powerless. Social systems divide us into different categories, classes, positions, castes, ranks, and orders. Human beings are tearing the world apart because of difference, division, conflict, hatred, misunderstanding, war, selfishness, jealousy, vengeance, etc. Those who have power define the world and control over other people

John Hollands Theory of Vocational Personalities a Essay Example For Students

John Hollands Theory of Vocational Personalities a Essay nd Work EnivironmentsJohn Hollands Theory of Vocational PersonalitiesHollands theory of vocational personalities and work environments is the premier structural theory behind modern counseling. His theory structural theory is centered around the basic belief that people will seek out careers that offer environments that are compatible with their interest, likes and dislikes. This basic premise is the foundation for Hollands globally accepted vocational personality and work environment theory. This structural theory can be explained by four general statements. First, in todays society, generally most people will fall into one of Hollands six category types. These types are defined as Realistic, Intellectual, Social, Conventional, Enterprising and Artistic. Secondly, there are six kinds of environments that exists in modern society (Holland, 1966). These environments are also defined as Realistic, Intellectual, Social, Conventional, Enterprising and Artistic. Next people will search fo r the environment and vocation that allows them to best use there skills and talents, to express their attitudes and values, to take on problems and roles they like and avoid the ones that they dislike (Gottfredson, 1981). Finally a persons behavior is determined by the interaction of his personality pattern and his environment. Hollands theory allows counseling to define, explain and predict personality types and their compatibility with the work environment. Hollands theory on the surface may seem simple, but the interest in his theory are useful and can indicate much more than just the types of work a person will enjoy. The many components of abilities and personalities are contained within a persons interest profile.John Hollands Theory of Vocational Personalities Hollands theory states that there are six different occupational personality types. These types are Realistic, Investigative, Artistic, Social, Enterprising, and Conventional. Each type can be defined as a combination of behaviors, needs, self concepts, goals, preferred roles, aptitudes and intelligence. Holland states that a persons personality pattern has a resemblance to each of the six category types. Their personality type is the category they most resemble. It is understood that no one person will fall completely into one category. Many people have overlapping personalities and fall into more than one, but it is also understood that there is one dominate category in each person (Holland, 1997). The dominate category is the one that will best define the person. The first personality type that will be discussed is the Realistic type. This person can be described as being very masculine and stable. People that fall into this interest category would tend to like being outdoors and receive pleasure from working with their hands doing manual work. These people tend to enjoy working alone or with people of similar interest (Holland, 1997). Realistic type people have difficulty with environments that require great amounts of interpersonal activity. The jobs that Realistic people would tend to seek are blue collar jobs such as a plumber, photographer, and a heavy earth moving machinery operator. These are all heavily manual jobs and can be done with very little interpersonal activity. Other jobs that are more technical will also attract the Realistic person such as an engineer or airplane pilot. The education level of the Realistic personality was found to be 4.03 on a 6 point scale (Holland, 1989). This was the lowest of the six categories. The me anings of the different education levels are discussed in Hollands Occupational Finder. The next category in Hollands theory is the investigative type. This type of person interacts with their surroundings by using their intellect, problem solving skills and the ability to use persuasive speech. Investigative types focus on ideas instead of focusing on people. These people have a high level of intellect and can think abstractly. They also tend to avoid stressful and emotional environments and are unconcerned about social relationships (Holland, 1997). The Investigative type has the highest education level of the six category types. Hollands scale shows that a score of 5.48 is needed to be successful in these type of jobs (Holland, 1989). These people tend to work in fields that require a great amount of educational knowledge. One such field that is dominated by Investigative types is the medical field. Doctors, scientist, and skilled technicians tend to hold these types of jobs. They are skilled in their particular field but tend to be distant when it comes to relating to the people they serve on a person level. It is also noted that out of the six categories the Investigative types have the highest need for prestige. Mechanical Engineering Career Choice EssayHollands theory of vocational personalities and work environments is the dominate modern measurement of vocational interest. His theory has been widely accepted by the clinical community (Trusty, Robinson Plata, 2000). It is also noted that Hollands theory is said to be complex in practical vocational use, but is easy to understand theoretically. His theory states that each category has its own definite characteristics, but each type is related to the other. Hollands theory has been researched many times sense it was introduced and even though there has been great debate over the number of personality types, there has been consistency with its outcomes (De Fruyt Mervielde, 1999). This simply means that when a person is tested on a interest inventory instrument such as the Self Directed Search (SDS) or the Vocational Preference Inventory ( VPI) the results hold true to the theory. People tend to seek out and succeed in careers that fit the ir own individual personality requirements. Chacko, H. E. (1991). Can you pick the accountant? Students interest and career choices. Journal of Education for Business, 3, 151. De Fruyt, F.; Mervielde, I. (1999). RIASEC types and Big Five Traits as Predictors of Employment Status. Personal Psychology, 52, 701. Farmer, H. S. (1985). Model of Career Achievement Motivation for Women and Men. Journal of Counseling Psychology,32, 363-390. Gottfredson, L. S. (1981). Circumscription and Compromise: A Developmental Theory of Occupational Aspirations. Journal of Counseling Psychology,28, 545-579. Holland, John L. (1966). A psychological classification scheme for vocations and major fields. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 13, 278-288. Holland, J. L., Fritzsche, B. A., Powell, A. B. (1997). Self-Directed Search Technical Manual. Odessa, Florida: Psychological Assessment Resources. Holland, John L. (1989). Dictionary of Holland Occupational Codes (2nd ed.). Odessa, Florida: Psychological Assessment Resources. Holland, John L. (1997). Making Vocational Choices (3rd. Ed.). Odessa, Florida: Psychological Assessment Resources. Kline, Paul (1966). Psychology off Vocational Guidance. New York: John Wiley Sons. Krumboltz, J. D. (1996). A Learning Theory of Career Counseling. California: Davies-Black. Lowman, Rodney L. (1991). The Clinical Practice of Career Assessment: Interest, Abilities, and Personalities (1st ed.). Washington: American Psychological Association. Trusty, J.; Robinson, C.; Plata, M. (2000). Effects of Gender, Socioeconomic Status, and Early Academic Performance on Postsecondary Educational Choice. Journal of Counseling Development, 78, 463. Bibliography: